[introduction] driving automatically in the car, sensor confluence is a crucial to car security and efficiency technology, it combines the data look that comes from many sensor, arise more accurate to car environment, more reliable with more overall message. For example, photograph work in coordination like the sensor such as head, radar and lidar, mutual compensation can offer car all round the panoramic view of 360 ° . Meanwhile, the application of ADAS and automatic road-sense and gained ground to spur unprecedented to sensor demand further.

The occurrence that drives automatically is the leap of car technology not just, it is people more a revolution to car ambulant perception and interactive means. The core of this one change is sensor confluence.

Driving automatically in the car, sensor confluence is a crucial to car security and efficiency technology, it combines the data look that comes from many sensor, arise more accurate to car environment, more reliable with more overall message. For example, photograph work in coordination like the sensor such as head, radar and lidar, mutual compensation can offer car all round the panoramic view of 360 ° . Meanwhile, the application of ADAS and automatic road-sense and gained ground to spur unprecedented to sensor demand further.

The data that comes from TE Connectivity shows, introduce the car of newest ADAS/AV technology, even if be not electric car typically, all need to deploy 60 carry sensor to 100 cars, among them 15 use technically at running engine to 30. The sensor that business deploys with the lorry is to amount to 400 more, the sensor that is used at engine management has 70 about. Predicting future a few acting electric cars, especially those were deployed automatic or semi-automatic drive electric car of the function, its sensor amount is probable be other model two to 3 times.

The occurrence of automatic road-sense changed existing traffic structure quickly, offerred unprecedented security and reliability for car. Driving automatically in the core technology of the car, sensor confluence changes as a kind force held significant position. Seam through notting have compositive the data that comes from a variety of advanced sensor, include camera, radar, lidar and ultrasonic sensor, sensor confluence can feel an environment from different position, obtained more accurate than any single source, more reliable car and circumjacent information.

The sensor in driving automatically

The support system of basic and advanced driver that the sensor inchoate application in the car basically resembles a head with containing backsight to photograph (ADAS) give priority to, as drive automatically of grade elevatory, car intelligence changes a level to promote considerably, the sort that wants sensor and amount are increasing also. Current, the sensor that uses at automatic road-sense basically has the following kinds:

Camera (photograph like the head)

This is a kind of sensor that is close to human vision most, can use detect the visual message of car periphery, wait like the graticule of traffic sign, driveway, pedestrian, person that ride a bicycle and other vehicle. Buy is photographed before can allow a car like the head ” see ” the place that it should go to, back a car it is OK like the head to photograph the help jockeys and back a car. A few new models still deserve to 360 ° are photographed like the head, in automobile body through these placement circumjacent miniature photographs the vertical view that can get surroundings like the head.

On the market this kind photographs breed resembling a head a lot of, can satisfy a car basically to use requirement. With Ansenmei AR0820AT is exemple, this is a 1/2 inch sensor of CMOS number image, have active of 3848 H X 2168 V to resemble element array, this kind of advanced car uses sensor to be able to capture inside linear or tall dynamic limits image, still have a shade shutter to numerate at the same time function. In addition, AR0820AT still is aimed at crepuscular the function of setting of tall dynamic limits with severe exacting condition undertook optimizing, use M DR-Pix BSI of 2.1 μ to be mixed like element piece on 140dB HDR captures ability, special the picture news that is helpful for getting car periphery.

Radar

To ensure the safety of car drives, whether the high resolution picture that gets car surroundings in time even 4D is become drive to intelligence like data and character is a major challenge. Right now, the trend of millimeter wave radar that produces crucial effect in ADAS function is downstage, because it compares camera more can ” look clear ” article, have higher resolution and property, and good directivity, be affected not easily at the same time by environmental interference or weather. Those who need an attention is, millimeter wave radar cannot be used at distinguishing metalloid object.

Apply to car 4D to become reference of radar of cascade of millimeter wave of double like the TIDA-020047 of radar demand parts of an apparatus to design by what TI company offers, use two 76GHz to be sent and receive to 81GHz radar through be united in wedlock implement, PHY of net of a two processor of a radar, CAN-FD PHY, aether and power source of a low noise, in solving ADAS function faultlessly ” look clear ” problem.

The AWR2243 parts of an apparatus in referenced design is one can come in 76GHz chip FMCW sends and receive the compositive type sheet that runs inside 81GHz frequency band implement, achieve superhigh with be being enclosed dinkily compositive degree, realized to have inside the sheet of buy PLL and ADC converter piece system of 3TX, 4RX.

Simple process designing model is changed can support all sorts of sensor deploy, include close quarters, middle distance and remote, form plan of much mode sensor. The AM273x that assumes radar processor job is the height that is based on Arm Cortex-R5F and kernel of C66x floating-point DSP compositive, high-powered small controller, in-house and compositive hardware safety module (HSM) ensured the function of car is safe.

Graph 1: Apply to car 4D to become the reference of cascade of millimeter wave of double parts of an apparatus that resembles radar to design TIDA-020047 (graph source: TI)

LiDAR

Light is explored and range finding (LiDAR) the distance that lidar makes consumed pulse will measure car and other object, this message traffic can found have the aid of the detailed 3D map that is based on an environment. LiDAR uses at driving automatically car sensor has quite much advantage: Above all, it has outstanding distance, angle and speed resolution, interference rejection capability is strong; Next, the data that lidar can get a large number of is beneficial to to drive automatically and information, include the reflection intensity of distance, angle, speed and object, with product system multidimensional image. Current, high price affected the LiDAR large-scale application in automobile industry on certain level.

OSRAM SPL SxL90A LiDAR is the product that tall sex price compares, accord with AEC-Q102 standard, it can let drive automatically car ” look ” farther, drive safer more efficient. The product has sheet passageway and 4 passageways two old series, all have the property of the electric current of every passageway 40A and 125W, efficiency is as high as 33 ％ , and thermal resistance is very low, although move below big electric current,give out heat not easily also. The dimension of SPL S1L90A_3 A01 of only channel parts of an apparatus is very cabinet, it is 2.0mm X 2.3mm X 0.65mm only. SPL S4L90A_3 A01 of 4 passageways parts of an apparatus has 4 emissive areas, remarkable smooth power can be provided below 480W power, although dimension is more than only channel parts of an apparatus slightly, but can come true bigger detect limits.

Graph 2: 4 passageways LiDAR SPL S4L90A_3 A01 (graph source: AMS OSRAM)

3D ToF lidar

Flight time (ToF) be apply to stone’s throw car one kind to use the lidar of the exemple, need not scan can get more detail. This is a kind of more and more welcome lidar, there already were a large number of applications in smartphone application. In car environment, high resolution ToF is photographed like the head technology of use 3D induction scans mix all round the car area area, no matter illumination condition how, can detect Lu Yuanshi, wall or other fraise, support gesticulation identifying and 360 ° view is built outside the car in order to help self-help berth car.

IRS2877A is a product that car application basically faces in series of lidar of Ying Feiling REAL3 ToF, use plastic BGA of 9 X 9 Mm2 to enclose, use the miniature sensitization area of 4 Mm, realized 640 X 480 to resemble the VGA system resolution of element, need a ToF to photograph only like the head, the driver state that can make a 3D facial knowledge fasten monitors a system. Be based on the model of 3D automobile body that IRS2877A builds, OK still and accurate estimation gives the bodily form of the member that multiply, weight, the member that reach height is multiplied accurately and seat position data, be intelligent safety gasbag spread out and restrain a system to provide crucial information. Except safety application, 3D ToF sensor still can be used at the implementation of the function such as control of the gesticulation inside the car.

Graph 3: Lidar of IRS2877A 3D ToF applies block diagram (graph source: Infineon)

Feeling implement shirt-sleeve force

Sensor confluence is to will come from the data source of a variety of sensor to incorporate, in order to establish the procedure of more accurate than the information that obtains from any single source alone, more reliable information. Normally, individual sensor works impossibly independently and to drive automatically to the information that the system provides place to be necessary offers his to make a decision or take any actions. Drive automatically the first pace of car perception world is to pass its sensor array, include the camera, LiDAR and radar extensive data that catchs surroundings, just can make accurate action statement finally. Graph form means revealed 4 to in an attempt to to drive automatically the process that confluence of car use sensor will come to to feel an environment.

Graph 4: Wait for the sensor confluence that form by camera, LiDAR and radar plan can feel car periphery environment 360 degrees (graph source: TE)

These sensor have its distinct advantage each times medium. Lidar can offer accurate distance to measure, in choosing a course, the distance is decision stone’s throw, middle distance or framework of Sunday run lidar whether first-rate element, it is not just among them outside pointing to a car drive automatically function, also include a lot of functions inside the car. Radar or millimeter wave radar more be good at detecting below all sorts of weather conditions the speed of the object and position. Camera or it is OK like the head to photograph take rich visual picture. The shirt-sleeve information that these sensor input was founded mix inside the car the comprehensive with high resolution data expression outside the car, to drive automatically the car offerred unique situation to feel a level.

Graph 5: Drive automatically the sensor confluence plan that requires in the car (graph source: Aptiv)

No matter drive automatically,be in why to plant grade, support its more powerful ” look ” the foundation that the car sensor technology of ability is all function implementation. Now, sensor confluence already was become drive automatically the important pillar of on the safe side. As car cockpit more and more digitlization, besides ” look ” circumjacent, photograph the action that also begins to develop them inside the car like head, radar and lidar. For instance stone’s throw lidar can monitor the condition of driver and passenger, in order to support more advanced intelligent cockpit function, include through detecting head position adjusts safe gasbag to spread out strength and optimize head-up display (HUD) , the preference that will identify specific driver and passenger to be defined in order to adjust beforehand through facial identifying.

The future of car sensor confluence

According to the analysis of Market Research, market of car sensor confluence predicts to rise the 300 million dollar from 2023 the 3.3 billion dollar 2030, compound year of increase rate for 42.4% . The process is here medium, mix to driving automatically semi-automatic drive the demand of the car increases ceaselessly, and the ADAS system application in all sorts of cars, promoted the development of the market. As the growth of market of pure electric car, push further be opposite high the demand of ADAS or AD function.

The data that comes from Marklines shows, up to 2022, there is many 150 L2 ADAS on the market pure electric car, a lot of pure electric cars provided corresponding sensor confluence system. For instance the F-150 Lightning of Ford deserves to have the system of Blue Cruise ADAS/AD of Ford, this system basically provides sensor confluence function. The Kaidilake that general motors rolled out in March 2023 Celestiq, deployed use sensor to exceed cruise ADAS/AD system shirt-sleevely.

Sensor confluence is the crucial technology of prospective car, they can guide the travel with automatic and safe car not only, still realized the function inside a series of cockpit that digitlize increasingly. The future of sensor confluence looks very hopeful, the challenge of car manufacturer also will following sb’s heels and come however.

Above all, real time management and the processing capability that explain the data place that comes from many sensor needs are a massive trial, the car that it means tomorrow needs to have more powerful airborne calculate force. Finding to already reasonable price can offer the program that calculates force high again is not an easy thing. Next, the sensor amount that the intelligence of a car spends taller place to need is more, of course, the space that these sensor take up is larger, truckload cost also is met taller and taller. Accordingly, small size, high-powered, tall compositive degree, the sensor confluence plan of low case will gain more market. It is again, of sensor confluence technology crossing platform to standardize is to drive automatically the important segment in systematic development, the job that still each other of a lot of interconnection is connected wants to do.

Drive automatically the traffic means that the progress of technology of car sensor confluence is indicating human Xiang Gengan is complete, more efficient, more reliable strode a key one pace. Of a variety of sensor compositive the environment of much perspective car that provided capability of a Yuan Chao’s mankind, raised fraise to detect in real time with decision-making accuracy, alleviated effectively individual sensor technology drives in complex vehicle the inherent limitation below the environment. In to full automatic drive in the process that the car strides, regard among them technology as pillar, the abidance of sensor confluence research and development can increase to drive automatically not only the ability of the car, the more innovation application that still will give a territory for intelligence levels road.

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