[introduction] in June 2022, european Union parliament approved a new statement, portable equipment must support the generation below the requirement USB Type-C fills electric coupler. Manufacturer must increase USB Type-C interface for its product before Summer 2024, with cable of compatible USB Type-C. This instruction brings an influence for numerous industry, include watch for a chance of mobile phone, number, hold book of video game plane, portable loudhailer, clavier, portable navigational aid, earplug, mouse, electron, ear wheat and earphone. Notebook computer also is included, but before 2026, manufacturer still does not need to abide by this regulation. To 2027, plan of European Union parliament adds more equipment in this regulation; Next, hold the application with conference other and likely discussion 5 every years.

The European Union issues general charger statement

June 2022, european Union parliament approved a new statement, portable equipment must support the generation below the requirement USB Type-C fills electric coupler. Manufacturer must increase USB Type-C interface for its product before Summer 2024, with cable of compatible USB Type-C. This instruction brings an influence for numerous industry, include watch for a chance of mobile phone, number, hold book of video game plane, portable loudhailer, clavier, portable navigational aid, earplug, mouse, electron, ear wheat and earphone. Notebook computer also is included, but before 2026, manufacturer still does not need to abide by this regulation. To 2027, plan of European Union parliament adds more equipment in this regulation; Next, hold the application with conference other and likely discussion 5 every years.

As this the instruction begins go into effect, manufacturer needs to offer do not take charge the product of adapter packages version, optional also choose offers version of former outfit charger. Such, when if consumer has had USB Type-C,filling electrical wiring and charger, they can buy the product version that does not take new charger, save fund thereby and reduce electronic rubbish. According to estimation, this regulation can reduce the electronic rubbish that reachs 22 million pound every year.

The article will discuss means of the working principle of USB Type-C connector, definition and its representative application, it is with MPS product at the same time exemple, how does key introduction optimize USB Type-C connector.

USB Type-C connector

USB Type-C (also call USB-C) the standard was released 2014. This kind of connector is rapid and popular because of the old USB connector such as excel USB Type-A rise. It supports positive and negative to insert, do not need to pay close attention to direction when inserting port namely, and they are more more cabinet than traditional connector (see a picture 1) . More important is, USB Type-C connector can handle higher power, this means it to be able to apply to wider portable application.

Graph 1: USB Type-A and USB Type-C connector

USB Type-C power source detects

USB Type-C connector has specific power source detects and negotiate interface. USB Type-A power source outputs 5V voltage continuously, and USB Type-C power source is in normally close position, when inserting USB Type-C cable equipment when the user only, power source just is opened. Because USB Type-C connector carries alone configuration channel,this is (CC) brings a foot to offer detect function, detecting only cable just opens power source when the join of two end.

In addition, CC brings a foot to still offer voltaic level to detect function, realize power source (power supply is carried) carry with bad news report (sink) the part fixed position between. This function makes USB Type-C product can the 5V USB product of compatible tradition; Meanwhile, still can use CC to bring a foot to undertake power talks things over, through USB power supply (USB PD) agreement achieves higher power detect.

Graph the 2 fundamental that showed USB Type-C power source detects.

Graph 2: CC brings the USB Type-C on the foot to configure a passageway

Level of USB Type-C power

The place before be like is narrated, function of USB Type-C connector is very powerful, it supports all sorts of new standards, for example USB PD, USB 3.1 and DisplayPort. The USB connector of old version can one-way the power that provides highest 7.5W, what USB Type-C can pass standard cable and least add circuit support to be as high as 15W is one-way with two-way application, and compatible USB PD and the application of prep above 15W.

Standard power limits (the voltage that the USB PD of SPR) can be as high as 20V in the support when 100W power. The patulous power limits that USB PD standard updates recently (EPR) can provide the power that is as high as 240W more. In addition, USB PD allows two-way power flow, this is meant equipment can be offerred or receive power; Unlike is one-way connector, for example Micro-B USB, can receive power only. Extensive power transmits limits to mean the USB Type-C of the function that take PD to be able to charge easily for the smartphone already, can charge for notebook computer again. (nevertheless, be not all USB Type-C to support USB PD, the article will undertake more detailed discussion at the back. )

Watch 1 showed USB Type-C is different the power level below operation mode.

Express 1: The power of USB Type-C connector is outputted

USB power supply (USB PD)

The place before be like is narrated, USB PD can provide the power that is as high as 240W, and support two-way operation, this is meant it can be offerred or receive power. The power that is not the USB Type-C source of PD to be able to offer highest 15W (5V/3A) , and USB PD source can offer the voltage that exceeds 5V, because this power also exceeds 15W. Power is transmitted rise mean USB PD to be able to be equipment quickly to charge. In addition, USB PD still appointed the voltage of power supply end and sink and voltaic tolerance.

The product that supports USB PD needs two additional chip, namely PD controller, a chip is in power source (power supply is carried) , another is in portable equipment (sink) . The product uses the CC line of two chip to have communication through cable. Power supply end transmits the voltage that it can support and electricity, and sink (for example loudhailer or mobile phone) the voltage that communicates it to need and electric current. Power supply end adjusts his to output voltage accordingly, carry optimal voltage and electric flow in order to ensure sink. Because these two chip raised cost, because this USB PD won’t be used at the power application under 15W normally.

Graph the 3 communication structures that showed USB PD.

Graph 3: Structure of USB PD communication

The another part that the European Union dictates is to be the application of prep above 15W to provide USB PD function. Although ministry branch is used demesne the agreement will arrange taller voltage and power, but differ to ensure charge the sex of each other operation between adapter and equipment and security, regulation of European Union new statement does not allow to use these methods. In addition, stem from safety and the consideration that each other handles sexual side, the agreement beyond USB PD of taboo of USB Type-C normative public proclamation reachs voltage promotion 5V above.

For example, although some smartphones used USB Type-C connector, but using specific cable only, insert specific charge the ability when adapter ” fast ” charge, because these products did not use USB PD. The certain USB PD that this means city to make work charges adapter cannot be a product possibly to charge quickly, although its rated power and former outfit adapter comparative. This kind of current situation can bring about an user promiscuous, increase electronic rubbish, make the security of the product and dependability rely on specific manufacturer charge demesne agreement.

USB Type-C connector: Close compasses, safety and optimize

In devoting oneself to to let its product support the process of USB Type-C, manufacturer people must realise, on physics distinguishing is between sufficient contented demand and standard of contented USB Type-C. Manufacturer is OK whether does write one’s own ticket refer its product to undertake USB Type-C attestation, indicate in what USB Type-C pressworks on the product thereby.

To reduce cost, partial manufacturer wants USB Type-C connector only can power supply or receive power, achieve its lowest physics to ask can, is not to obtain attestation. Although price of sex of this kind of method is higher, but those are short of the character that break and function to cause safe problem likely, damage thereby equipment itself or the other product that are linked together with its.

Without the USB Type-C product of attestation the possibility arises multifarious breakdown and bring safe hidden trouble, but also a few methods can offer powerful safeguard to alleviate these problems, protect end of cable, power supply and sink for example. We will debate secret worry of wh some of which and its solution below. The following the advantage that the USB Type-C receiver that described classics attestation at 1 o’clock has, the additional protection function that the others all introduces MPS power source at each o’clock to manage IC to offer and optimize a function.

1.CC brings the input electric current on the foot to detect: Use at supporting PD (those application under 15W) USB Type-C, end of USB Type-C power supply can hint announce provides level of 3 electric current: Acquiescent, 1.5A and 3A. Among them ” acquiescent ” mean backward compatible source of old money USB (100mA comes 1.5A) . Sink detects the CC that power supply carries makes crural announcement in order to decide can derive how many electric current, this are very important. The sink that accords with USB Type-C standard can detect be worth and adjust its accordingly what CC brings a foot to go up to input voltaic limitation, take overmuch electricity in order to avoid from draw water of power supply end. Once set voltaic restriction, when power supply end changes its announce, sink is OK and dynamic the electric discharge that changes its derive.

To reduce cost, partial production chamber of commerce is brought in the CC of sink two resistor are placed on the foot; When cable join is between two end when, power supply end just can provide 5V power source (see a picture 4) . But when the electric current that uses up when sink only does not exceed the acquiescent electric current that talks things over through USB data line, just allow such configuration.

Graph 4: Through resistor implementation inputs electric current to detect

If use resistor to replace appropriate input electric current to detect, sink won’t check his CC to cite a base. Assume a computer has an USB Type-A port that can provide 500mA electricity only. When sink cannot identify power supply end to be able to provide 500mA electricity only, it may try derive 3A electric current, this meeting has been caused stream (OC) circumstance damages power supply carries port. The charger IC of sink also has way of annulus of an input voltage normally, but it can prevent to input voltage drop to get only too low. It cannot assure sink charger the road of annulus of voltage of the smallest input of IC can enough make response quickly (or install enoughly tall) , in order to avoid end of attaint power supply. Accordingly, this protection should be regarded as what CC electric current detects and input voltaic limitation to reserve circuit, is not advocate protect circuit.

Ask an attention, the method is pulled to be able to be used at electric current to use up the sink application that do not exceed 1.5A and provides BC1.2 to detect below simple resistor (see later development) .

2.BC1.2 and demesne charger detects: When power supply end does not have USB Type-C connector namely (traditional power source) , when also cannot providing the electricity that is less than 1.5 A, BC1.2 standard defined sink how to detect its electric current outputs ability. This detects the process brings a foot to carry out through D+ and D- . Still increased in BC1.2 demesne the content that charger detects, it allows sink to detect charge commonly adapter.

The circumstance that USB Type-C standard does not ask sink is supporting CC to bring a foot to detect issues standard of again compatible BC1.2. But, if sink does not accord with BC1.2, can carry the biggest electricity of safe derive 500mA from USB 2.0 power supply only, namely the acquiescent electricity that CC makes crural announcement. Sink adds BC1.2 compatible ability to will allow its from announce the power supply of acquiescent electric current is carried (for example traditional power source) the electric current that derive is as high as 1.5A, gain more power thereby, shorten charge time brings better terminal user experience.

3.The traditional cable of disagreement compasses detects: Traditional cable is to show one aspect of the matter is USB Type-C connector, another end is had different (traditional) the cable of USB connector. To spread a level to sink announcement report, cable of traditional USB Type-A must bring foot and VBUS in the CC of USB Type-C side join between the foot of Ω of a 56k on help resistance. But, the or of cable of traditional USB Type-C of some disagreement compasses is short of break on help resistance (float sky or short circuit) , or block value is incorrect. This brings about limitation of incorrect input electric current possibly to detect (the input electricity that makes a base as using CC detects) , bring about sink CC possibly perhaps to bring had happened to press on the foot (OV) incident, because the CC of sink cites a base the possibility is immediate short receive to VBUS. To avoid these problems, equipment of USB Type-C sink should detect whether to join the cable of traditional USB Type-C of disagreement compasses, protect CC to cite a base thereby.

4.VBUS presses protection too with what CC cites a base (OVP) : SPR PD charges adapter voltage is highest can amount to 21V, blame PD charges adapter is highest 5.5V. Accordingly, the proposal installs VBUS to press protective value to be 21V at least too, in case PD adapter occurrence breakdown or produce surge of VBUS transient state. Below regular job requirement, CC brings a foot to should not bear tall voltage, because CC or does not have physics to receive VBUS repeatedly (use USB Type-C cable for example) , or is to pass 56k Ω resistor to receive VBUS repeatedly (use traditional cable for example) . But, because CC brings foot and VBUS to make neighbour of crural physics photograph, because this still causes the short circuit between them because of the impurity inside connector likely. And should not likely also because of was being used the cable of compasses, cause VBUS and CC to make the short circuit between the foot. Avoid the effect that gets these cases to protect CC to cite a base, intense proposal installs OVP.

5.Connector humidity detects: The damp on connector can be corroded as the elapse of time and attaint parts of an apparatus, bring about the short circuit that cite a base or open a way thereby. This is in dual role port (DRP) or power supply end apply in particularly common; In these application, the product brings a foot to bring to bear on to CC when mode of announce power supply on pull voltage or electric current (VBus also is enabled during power supply mode) . If the product is contacted to any electrolyte (for example water) , equipment should detect quite, compulsive product enters sink mode (move to go up except CC pull slant buy and VBus) , remind an user.

6.Connector temperature monitoring: USB Type-C connector has 4 shunt-wound VBUS to bring foot and 4 ground connection to cite a base. As the elapse of time, connector collects foreign matter ceaselessly or wear away, a few bring a foot to may appear open circuit circumstance, the flow of this can disturbed electric current brings about electric current to be squeezed to the others to cite a base. These additional electricity can let connector warm up. To prevent overheat and potential permanent damage, USB Type-C product should monitor this kind of situation quite, the user reminds when needing clean connector, reduce electric current to use up in order to drop temperature.

Safety and optimize with exemple

Imagine a cable two end do not have USB Type-C connector, how should answer? Once the object is inserted, charge IC should detect quite, analyse voltaic limitation, whether does affirmatory cable close compasses. If be USB Type-C,turn USB Type-C cable, CC makes cable of crural general straight electrify, power supply end is pulled on power source, next sink (take charger IC) next pulling.

If be traditional Type-A,turn Type-C cable, CC voltage will come through be being pulled on a resistor VBUS. But it is a few years ago, still having this kinds of a lot of cable is disagreement compasses (make foot and input voltage short circuit with wrong resistor or CC for example) . This brings about CC controller or chip detects taller than practical electric current electric current, this means the power supply that has capacity of 500mA electric current to carry the voltaic capacity that told 3A possibly through cable. The parts of an apparatus such as MP2722 will be OK answer these questions, this parts of an apparatus can detect whether do these cable should not compasses, electric current of input of proper setting is restricted (see a picture 5) . This parts of an apparatus will introduce in detail below.

Graph 5: MP2722 function is characteristic

A safety and add up to the solution of compasses to should contain chip of charger IC, OVP and CC controller chip (or detect the chip that CC makes a base) . Partial manufacturer detects to reduced cost to omit the CC of sink cites a base and OVP chip. Although also can be sink to provide power source so, but the security of product of join of unwarrantable however place. In addition, also cannot use at DRP application.

MPS product

MPS is leading USB Type-C to charge to run the current of the domain with power source all the time, offer cover the USB application solution with wide range. Our target is the implementation requirement of limit of lowest of contented USB Type-C not only, adding up to the square field surface such as security and compasses sex, function sex to have additional advantage however.

USB Type-C application and MPS product

The power source that supports USB Type-C manages IC to should choose according to specific applying. Normally, these products can divide it is two kinds: The application of ≤ 15W applies with what exceed 15W.

To the application of power ≤ 15W, the product includes smartphone, commerce to sell (watch of smoke of POS) system, loudhailer, electron, earphone, intelligence and partial flat computer. These products do not need to accord with USB PD standard certainly, they rely on CC controller OK and simply to decide the power source part of voltaic level and parts of an apparatus. Need not support USB PD to be able to reduce cost, because no matter power supply is carried,do not need additional PD controller IC with sink. Most power is less than the product of 15W to use only part batteries or shunt-wound knaggy cell. These products can be sink, power supply carries solution of power source of dual perhaps role, following place narrate:

1.Pure sink: Need charging application only, the charger IC that can use one-way, 5V, 15W charges for batteries and complete operation of sink CC controller. MP2722 is the superexcellent choice of this kind of application.

2.Pure power supply carries: Include power source and car to carry charger. This kind of application does not need batteries, need manostat of a 5V and controller of CC of end of a power supply only.

3.Dual role power source (DRP) : DRP solution is two-way, this means it already can derive n also can offer n. MP2722 is charger IC of a two-way 5V, 15W, it can charge for batteries already, also can provide 5V output and DRP CC controller.

Be more than the application of 15W to power, use equipment of tool, medical treatment and high-end smartphone and flat computer like notebook computer, mobile power source, large loudhailer, report, need to support USB PD. This kind of solution offers DRP, divide normally it is two kinds big:

1.Single cell USB PD: Single cell (or knaggy batteries is shunt-wound) what USB PD plan uses at ≤ 20W commonly is medium computer of high-end mobile phone, flat and mobile power source. IC designs MP2731 step-down charger for these application only. Specific and detailed information, consult reference of MP2731 USB PD is designed please.

2.2 to USB PD of batteries of 4 series connection: Equipment of the notebook computer that the USB PD solution that knaggy batteries establishs ties uses at needing 20W above power normally, flat computer, play, medical treatment equipment and mobile power source. These application need to rise step-down charger IC, for example MP2760 or MP2651, they all can be used at founding complete USB PD solution.

MP2722

MP2722 is the batteries of 5V switch mode with a compositive height charger IC, apply to lithium ion and lithium polymer batteries. This parts of an apparatus is offerred narrow voltage dc (method of NVDC) power source governs a function, can offer the charging current that is as high as 5A. It accords with standard of USB Type-C 1.3 completely, provide compositive CC DRP controller, with Yu Yuan (power supply end) the two-way 15W that mode or sink mode issue adjusts. MP2722 still brings a foot to go up in VBUS compositive 26V OVP, the foot is brought to go up in CC compositive 22V OVP, offer an I2C interface to configure parameter alive with Yu Ling at the same time.

Plan of congener 15W DRP USB Type-C needs controller of alone charger IC, DRP CC, and the OVP IC that VBUS and CC cite a base. MP2722 criterion these 3 kinds of functions compositive in a chip, utmost ground was saved hold an area and cost (see a picture 6) .

Graph 6: Traditional solution and MP2722

In addition, MP2722 still supports function of advanced USB Type-C, add up to compasses, safety more consequently and height is optimized. These functions include connector temperature to monitor, connector humidity detects, cable of disagreement compasses tradition detects, and support can optimize a tradition to charge the BC1.2 of adapter. MP2722 size is small complete and compositive all functions of USB Type-C, suit application of single cell USB Type-C very much.

MP2731

MP2731 is batteries of mode of switch of a 15V, 4.5A charge IC, it has method of NVDC power source to govern a function, compositive modulus converter (ADC) and I2C interface. Use MP2731 and controller of exterior USB PD to be able to think USB PD application offers complete solution (consult reference is designed please) , still accord with standard of USB PD 3.0 at the same time.

This design offerred port of a DRP USB Type-C, allow two-way power supply and can fill quickly in the implementation below sink mode. When existence USB is inputted, charger is configured to be sink and charge for batteries. If USB PD sink receives this port repeatedly, criterion appropriative power supply carries charger, offer stable output voltage as power source with batteries.

MP2731 PD design can realize the PD that is as high as 18W to be filled quickly. In addition, MP2731 is compositive still an input block breaks FET, can choose to use an additional USB PD to input FET so, reduce BOM cost thereby and reduce PCB size. The single cell that this design applies to any wanting that use USB PD to come true to be filled quickly applies.

MP2760 And MP2651

MP2760 is a 20V, 6A rises step-down to charge IC, it has method of NVDC power source to govern a function, apply to 1 to group of batteries of 4 series connection. This parts of an apparatus has FET of 4 compositive switch, ADC and I2C interface, can offer very compact solution. It can be in step up mode, step-down mode and litre move below step-down mode, specific depend on input and batteries voltage; Carry retrorse operation, this parts of an apparatus can carry mode to fall to be input power supply through batteries in power supply. IC is in MP2760 batteries charger SPR voltage and voltaic level all accord with USB PD DRP to handle a demand inside full span limits.

MP2651 and MP2760 cite a base compatible to citing a base, but undertook optimizing in the light of the application that does not need management of way of NVDC power source, move for example power source, dynamoelectric tool and batteries backup product.

These two parts of an apparatus all used controller of CCG3PA USB PD to found complete USB PD solution (see a picture 7) . This solution includes but the port of DRP USB Type-C of two-way operation. If insert adapter, this port can act as sink, charge for batteries; If insert receiver, criterion this port can be carried as power supply, it is USB power supply through batteries. These two components all can undertake configuration through I2C interface, consequently more agile. This design suits equipment of computer of loudhailer, flat, medical treatment, commerce to sell very much (POS) system, unmanned aircraft and photograph like first class application.

Graph 7: The USB PD solution of MP2760

Epilogue

USB Type-C connector (also call USB-C connector) use is extensive, a lot of smaller than dimension of old money connector, and backward standard of compatible and traditional USB, can provide the power that is as high as 240W. Optimize measure through abiding by what USB Type-C and USB PD standard discuss according to the article, manufacturer maintains the help the each other between the product to operate a gender, provide the safeguard that can prolong product service life, reduce the target of electronic rubbish to make contribution for the European Union.

General charger is promulgated in the European Union before new rule, the charger IC that MPS devotes oneself to development to face extensive USB Type-C and USB PD application all the time and batteries manage facility. Become more and more general inside global limits as USB Type-C connector, portable applying buy the home and manufacturer people be sure the range of products that benefit abounds at us.

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