Super capacitance batteries calls gold capacitance, farad capacitance again, it comes through polarization electrolyte store can, a kind when attribute electric capacity of electric double layer. As a result of its store can the process does not produce chemical reaction, accordingly this is planted store can the process is reversible, because this is super,capacitor can charge discharge repeatedly tens of 10 thousand. Super capacitance uses data of active carbon electrode commonly, have adsorptive area big, electrostatic store much characteristic, have in car of new energy resources use extensively.

 

Super capacitor batteries calls electric double layer capacitor again (ElectricalDouble-LayerCapacitor) is a kind new-style store can device, it is had charge time weak point, service life character of long, temperature is good, managing the characteristic such as the sources of energy and green environmental protection. Super capacitor use is extensive. Use as the electric equilibrium power source of crane equipment, can provide the electric power that exceeds big electric current; Use as car starts power source, the efficiency that start and reliability are higher than traditional accumulator, OK and all or the accumulator that replaces a tradition partly; Use as the drawing the sources of energy of car can produce the electric car, internal-combustion engine that replaces a tradition, transform existing trolleybus; Start smoothly with what can assure the chariot such as tank vehicle, panzer on the military affairs (be in especially cold winter) , the pulse the sources of energy that regards laser as the weapon. Still can be used at other Electromechanical equipment in addition store can the sources of energy

 

Super capacitor is in short supply with each passing day as a result of oil natural resources, the pollution that and burn the internal-combustion engine tail gas of scoriaceous oil discharges pair of environments is more and more serious (be in especially big, medium city) , people replaces the new-style energy unit of internal-combustion engine in research. The research that has had mixture product of cell of motivation, fuel, chemical batteries and application and development, obtained certain result. But because they originally,difference of character of short, temperature, chemical batteries pollutes some service life environment, system complex, cost is high wait for the heel of Achilles, do not have very good settlement all the time method. And super capacitor fosters strengths and circumvent weaknesses with its exceedingly good character, can part or the drawing power source that replace traditional chemical batteries to be used at car entirely and the sources of energy that start, and have more more extensive than traditional chemical batteries use.
 

 

because such, world each country (especially western developed country) ground of do one’s best has research and development to super capacitor. Among them the country such as the United States, Japan and Russia is not only on production of research and development take advanced side, and still built special national administration (be like: The REVA of the SUN of American USABC, Japan, Russia) , make a country develop a plan, throw by the country gigantic endowment with manpower, advance actively.

 

level of technology of super capacitor, at present Russia goes in front of the world, its product has undertaken commercializing production and application, be moved by report of the 17th international car annual meeting (EVS—17) judge for the most advanced product, the country such as Japan, Germany, France, England, Australia also is in rouse oneself to catch up, the field that at present each country promotion uses super capacitor is quite extensive already. In our country promotion uses super capacitor, can reduce oil to use up, reduce the dependence of pair of oil entrances, be helpful for national oil safety; Solve pollution of urban tail gas and plumbic acerbity batteries effectively to pollute a problem; The low temperature that is helpful for solving chariot starts an issue. Current, home basically has the research and development that more than 10 enterprise is having super capacitor

 

Super capacitor is to build a kind of on the base of theory of interfacial electric double layer that offers in German physicist Helmholtz brand-new capacitor. Well-known, two side meet the metal electrode surface in inserting electrolyte solution and fluid face the superfluous charge with occurrence contrary symbol, make alternate with produces voltage thereby.

 

So, if insert two electrode at the same time in electrolyte, and amid brings to bear on a voltage that is less than electrolyte solution to resolve tension, at this moment in electrolyte, anion will be rapid below the action of electric field to polar motion, be in respectively two on the surface of electrode forms close together charge layer, namely electric double layer, the polarization charge that the dielectric in the electric double layer that it forms and traditional capacitor generates below electric field action is similar, produce capacitance effect thereby, close together electric double layer is approximate capacitor of Yu Ping board, but, because close together charge layer span compares the distance between layer of common capacitor charge smaller much, have larger than common capacitor capacity consequently.

 

Capacitor of electric double layer and aluminium electroanalysis capacitor photograph is older than internal resistance, accordingly, can falling to charge directly without laden resistor circumstance, the circumstance that if appear,overvoltage charges, capacitor of electric double layer will open circuit and do not send attaint parts of an apparatus, this one characteristic and aluminium electroanalysis the overvoltage puncture of capacitor is different. In the meantime, capacitor of electric double layer and can charge batteries photograph is compared, can undertake not current limliting charges, and charge the frequency can amount to 10E6 second above, because of capacitance of this electric double layer not only the character that has electric capacity, also have batteries character at the same time, it is a kind of interpose between batteries and capacitance new-style and special yuan of parts of an apparatus.

 

The capacity of super capacitance is compared normally capacitor is gotten greatly much. Because its size is very large, be behaved external and batteries is identical, because this also calls “ capacitance cell ” or say ” of “ gold batteries. Super capacitor batteries also belongs to capacitor of electric double layer, it is a the size in the capacitor of electric double layer that at present devoted already quantity produces on the world is the largest kind, its fundamental and the capacitor of electric double layer with phyletic other are same, it is to use the structure of electric double layer that poriferous electrode and electrolyte form activated carbon to obtain exceed large capacity.

 

The electric energy that stores in traditional physics capacitance originates the charge depart on two plate, vacuum is between two plate (opposite dielectric constant is 1) or material of an interpose report (opposite dielectric constant is ε) place segregation, capacitance value is: C=ε·A/3.6πd·10-6(μF) among them A is plate area, d is medium ply.

 

The energy that stores is: E=C(ΔV)2/2, among them C is worth for capacitance, ΔV is the voltage drop between plate. Visible, if want to obtain bigger capacitance, store more energy, must increase area A or reduce medium ply D, but this adjustable space is limited, bring about it store n and store energy is lesser.

 

Super capacitance uses activated carbon material to make poriferous electrode, be in at the same time opposite carbon fills up between poriferous electrode electrolyte solution, should bring to bear on in two end when voltage, gather to losing an electron respectively on opposite poriferous electrode, and in electrolyte solution anion will gather respectively as a result of electric field action with losing the interface with opposite plate to go up, form layer of two market report thereby, be equivalent to two capacitor series connection, because active material with carbon element has the freeboard of ≥1200m2/g to be accumulated than the surface (obtained A) of huge electrode area namely, and the medium ply D) that the interfacial distance between electrolyte and poriferous electrode was less than 1nm(to obtain minimum namely, according to the computation in front formula can see, the look cost that capacitor of this kind of electric double layer compares traditional physical capacitance wants a lot of bigger, specific volume volume can rise 100 times above, make the capacitance of unit weight can amount to 100F/g thereby, and the internal resistance of capacitance still can maintain be in very low level, material with carbon element still has cost low, the advantage such as technical maturity.

 

Make use capacitor to undertake the Chu Nengcheng of big n is a likelihood thereby, and when be being used actually, can pass establish ties or paralell connection exports voltage or electricity with rising.

 

(1) charge rate is rapid, should charge only the 95% above that a few seconds go to a few minutes to be able to reach its nominal capacity; And the plumbic acerbity batteries with the largest now usable floor area charges to need a few hours normally.

 

(2) circular service life is long, deepness fills discharge to use a frequency to be able to be amounted to 500 thousand times circularly, if charge discharge 20 times everyday to super capacitance, use continuously can amount to 68 years. If corresponding ground and plumbic acerbity batteries are compared, its service life can amount to 68 years, and without ” of “ memory effect.

 

(3) Li Chaojiang of electric energy of big report banish, energy changeover efficiency is tall, process loss is small, ≥90% of efficiency of loop of big electricity energy;

 

(4) power density is high, can amount to 300W/kg~5000W/kg, the number that is equivalent to common batteries is decuple; Rise greatly than energy, plumbic acerbity batteries can achieve 200W/kg only commonly, and at present research and development already can amount to super capacitance batteries 10KW/kg,

 

(5) product raw material is formed, production, use, store and the process that tear open solution all does not have pollution, it is power supply of good green environmental protection;

 

(6) fill discharge line simple, need not charge batteries in that way charge circuit, safety factor is high, use maintenance-free for a long time;

 

(7) ultralow temperature character is good, range of use environment temperature is wide amount to – 40 ℃ ～ + 70 ℃ ;

 

(8) detect convenient, odd n can numerate directly;

 

(9) monomer capacity limits normally 0.1F- – 3400F.