Wind direction sensor

 

Wind direction sensor is the roll with wind direction arrowhead is explored, the wind direction information that feels the external world, hand its coaxial code dish, export the unit of a kind of physics with corresponding relevant and numeric wind direction at the same time.

 

 

Normally main body of wind direction sensor uses the rigid structure of vane, when wind is blown to the empennage of the rear of vane, the arrowhead of vane can point to the way that wind plays. To retain the sensitivity to direction, still use different in-house orgnaization to discern at the same time direction. Have normally the following 3 kinds:

 

Sensor of electromagnetism type wind direction: Use electromagnetism principle design, because the principle is phyletic more, so structure and differ somewhat, eye forehead divides this kind of sensor to had begun to use gyroscope chip or electronic compass serves as main element, its measured precision to get rising further.

 

Sensor of photoelectricity type wind direction: Sensor of this kind of wind direction uses thunder of very form style to pile up dish as main element, and used special and custom-built encode code, change a principle with photoelectricity signal, the OK and accurate wind direction information that exports photograph correspondence.

 

Sensor of resistor type wind direction: Sensor of this kind of wind direction uses the structure of similar and slip rheostat, part the maximum of the resistance of generation and the least value mark becomes 360° and 0° , when vane produces roll, the slippery lever of slip rheostat can turn together as the vane of coping, and the distinct voltage change of generation is OK the point of view that computation gives wind direction or direction.

 

Wind speed sensor

 

Wind speed sensor is one kind can measure wind speed and wind force continuously (cross section of X of wind speed of wind force = is accumulated) the common sensor of size. Substantially of wind speed sensor is divided for mechanical (basically have airscrew type, wind cup type) sensor of sensor of wind speed sensor, sirocco type wind speed, pitot tube wind speed and the sensor of ultrasonic wind speed that are based on acoustics principle.

 

 

Principle of job of sensor of airscrew type wind speed

 

 

We know electric fan drives fan lamina to rotate by electromotor, difference of a pressure arises in blade around, drive air current to flow. The working principle of propeller type anemometer is apropos as contrary as this, the blade system that aims air current gets the action of wind pressure, produce certain torsional rules to make blade system rotates. Normally airscrew type fast sensor circles horizontal axis to rotate to measure wind speed through a group of 3 leaves or 4 leaves airscrew, airscrew installs the forehead in a weather vane commonly, make its rotate plane is opposite from beginning to end of wind come to, its rotate speed direct ratio at wind speed.

 

Principle of job of sensor of wind speed of wind cup type

 

 

Sensor of wind speed of wind cup type, it is a kind of very common wind speed sensor, the earliest by England Lu Bin grandson is invented. Inductive part is by 3 or the empty cup composition of 4 conic form or hemisphere form. Drag cup carapace secures the bracket of trident star form that becomes 120° in each other to go up or on the crisscross bracket that each other becomes 90° , the concave side of the cup is arranged down a direction, whole horizontal jib is fixed go up in a perpendicular runner shaft coming back.

 

Blow from Zun Fang when wind when, wind cup 1 as parallel as wind direction, wind to wind cup the pressure of 1 is in the component of force on direction of axis of cup of the straightest Yu Feng is approximately 0. Wind cup 2 with 3 intersect into 60 degrees of horn with wind direction, to wind cup 2, wind of prep against of its concave side, susceptive wind pressure is the greatest; wind cup 3 its are convex with the wind, of wind circle shed action to make what its bear cup of wind of wind pressure ratio 2 small, as a result of wind cup 2 with wind cup the 3 pressure on direction of axis of cup of perpendicular Yu Feng are differred, and make wind cup begins a clockwise to rotate, wind speed is bigger, initiative pressure difference is bigger, the acceleration of generation is bigger, wind cup roll is faster.

 

 

After wind cup begins roll, as a result of cup the 2 direction down wind are rotational, the pressure that gets wind is reduced relatively, wind of a cup of 3 prep against turn with same rate, what suffer wind pressure to increase relatively, wind pressure difference is reduced ceaselessly, after passing period of time (when wind speed is changeless) , action presses difference to be zero hour in the cent on 3 wind cup, wind cup changes divide evenly fast roll. Such rotate speed according to wind cup (the circle that per sec. turns is counted) the size of OK and certain wind speed.

 

When wind cup is rotational, the CD of much tine cut that drives coaxial or magnetism club are rotational, get becoming the pulse signal of direct ratio with wind cup rotate speed through circuit, this pulse signal by tally computation, via can reaching actual wind speed is worth after conversion. Current and new-style turn list of cup wind speed all uses 3 cups, and the function of cone-shaped cup compares hemisphere form good, turn when wind speed increases cup can mushroom rotate speed, in order to get used to air current speed, when wind speed is reduced, as a result of inertial influence, rotate speed cannot drop instantly however, rotate watch of type wind speed is in the wind speed of a directive in sexual wind is on the high side commonly to become exorbitant effect (the average error of generation is about 10% )

 

Heat up principle of job of sensor of type wind speed

 

Sensor of hot type wind speed with heater (tungsten filament or platinic silk) or be in order to heat up film (platinum or chromium make film) for probe, bare in the air that be measured, receive it Hui Si to pause bridge, pause through Hui Si the balance of the resistor of bridge or electric current concerns, detect go out to be measured sectional airy velocity of flow. The Tu Youji outside the hot film of sensor of wind speed of hot film mood’s thin quartz velar insulation layer, so that be isolated from with the fluid, can prevent to pollute, can work in the air current that contains grain, its intensity is higher than silk of metallic hot line.

 

 

When air temperature is stable and constant, the bad news electric power on heater is equal to the quantity of heat that heater goes to in bad news of the instantaneous in air. Heater resistor follows temperature and change, the resistor of the hot line and hot line temperature are connecting normal temperature to spend limits (0——300 ℃ ) in, expression concerns for linear. Radiative coefficient and air current speed are concerned, velocity of flow is larger, corresponding radiative coefficient is bigger also, come loose namely heat is fast; Velocity of flow is little, come loose heat is slow.

 

What sensor of hot type wind speed measures the function that air current speed is electric current and resistor. electric current (or resistor) keep changeless, what measure air current speed only with resistor (or electric current) one to one correspondence.

 

Sensor of wind speed of hot line type has constant current and constant temperature circuit of two kinds of designs. Sensor of wind speed of hot line of constant temperature type is relatively commonly used. Principle of constant temperature law is to measure process middleman and guarantor to maintain heater temperature constant, make bridge is balanced, right now heater resistor keeps changeless, air current speed is only cost function of electric current only, according to foregone air current the relation of speed and electric current can get the air current rate that carries extreme plant. Sensor of wind speed of hot line of constant current type carries the electricity that sheds classics heater in measuring a process the cost is fixed. When voltaic cost is fixed, air current speed is concerned with heater resistor merely. According to foregone air current the relation of speed and heater resistor can get the air current rate that carries wind speed sensor.

 

 

Sensor of wind speed of hot line type is measurable pulsatile wind speed. Sensor of wind speed of constant current type is hot inertial bigger, the heat of sensor of wind speed of constant temperature type is inertial and opposite lesser, have higher rate to answer. The measurement of sensor of wind speed of hot line type precision all very not tall, when using, should notice temperature is compensated.

 

Principle of job of sensor of pitot tube wind speed

 

 

Pitot tube, renown “ pitot ” , “ wind speed is in charge of ” , it is to measure air current always is pressed and static approach a kind of valve with speed of affirmatory air current record unit, by French H. The skin holds an invention in the palm and get a name.

 

 

The speed that measures air current directly with experimental method is more difficult, but the pressure of air current can be used measure pressure plan measure conveniently piece. It basically is to use those who measure plane speed, still hold concurrently at the same time other a variety of functions. Accordingly, usable pitot tube measures pressure, apply Bernoulli to decide the rate of air current of manage cipher out again. Pitot tube is comprised by bushing of an obtuse double deck (see a picture) , bushing diameter is D outside, leave to be in charge of with liner in place of O of round head center those who be linked together is total press aperture, connection is measured pressure plan a, the diameter of aperture is 0.3——0.6D. The C that is in charge of side surface to be apart from O to make an appointment with 3——8D in coat is in edge week to open to even ground with outside tube wall is perpendicular static press aperture, connection is measured pressure plan another, put pitot tube constant air current is decided in what be about to measure speed in, make the way that provides axis and air stream consistent, pipe leading edge to will flow. Approach O point point when air current, its velocity of flow is decreased gradually low, flow to O to nod sluggish to stop for 0. So O dot is measured those who go out is to always press P. Next, because tube is very thin, c dot is apart from O the dot is sufficient far, because this C nods the speed of place and pressure to basically had restored to shed the numerical value with speed V and pressure equal P together, in C consequently the dot is measured those who go out is static pressure. Flow to low speed (the fluid can consider as approximately incompressible) , by Bernoulli theorem must decide the formula of velocity of flow is:

 

 

Press according to measuring plan measure those who go out is total press and the static P-P that press difference, and the density ρ of the fluid, can according to type (1) the rate that seeks an air stream.

 

Principle of job of sensor of ultrasonic wind speed

 

 

The working principle of sensor of ultrasonic wind speed is the measurement that uses ultrasonic time difference method to realize wind speed. Because sound transmits speed mediumly in air, the air velocity of flow on meeting and wind direction spends overlay. If the transmission way of ultrasonic and wind direction are same, so its speed can be accelerated; Conversely, if the transmission way that is like ultrasonic is as contrary as wind direction, so its speed can slow. So, detect in what secure below the condition, the speed that ultrasonic transmits in air can be mixed wind speed function is corresponding. Pass computation to be able to get accurate wind speed and wind direction. Because sound wave is in in air when transmission, the effect that its speed suffers temperature is very big; Wind speed sensor detects two on two passageways opposite way, because this temperature is right the influence of generation of sound wave speed is negligible not plan.

 

 

It has sensor of ultrasonic wind speed weight the light, characteristic that does not have any mobile components, hard usage, and do not need to safeguard with spot calibration, can output wind speed and wind direction at the same time. The client can choose frequency of wind speed unit, output and output form according to need. Also can add shrinkage fitting buy according to needing to choose (recommend below frozen environment use) or imitate output. Can collect with computer, data implement or other has RS485 or imitate outputs what accord with to collect equipment use consecutively. If need, OK also much stage comprises a network to undertake use.

 

 

Anemoscope of ultrasonic wind speed is a kind of relatively advanced measurement the instrument of wind speed wind direction. Because it overcame the limitation with inherent anemoscope of mechanical wind speed well, work for a long time normally consequently, more and more get use widely. It will be the strong substitute of mechanical anemoscope.

 

Characteristic of sensor of ultrasonic wind speed:

 

1, use sound wave phasic compensation technology, precision is taller;

 

2, use random error to identify a technology, fresh gale falls to also can assure measured low disperse error, make output smoother;

 

3, be aimed at drizzle, the measurement of smoother weather compensates a technology, have stronger environment to get used to force;

 

4, technology of digital filter wave, fight electromagnetism to disturb ability stronger;

 

5, restrict without the wind speed that start, 0 wind speed work, suit the measurement of indoor breeze, restrict without angle (360° is all-around) , obtain the data of wind speed, wind direction at the same time;

 

6, measure function of precision tall; to stabilize; low power comsumption not to need calibration;

 

7, the structure is strong, instrument corrosion resistance is strong, attaint need not worry when install and be used;

 

8, the design is agile, deft, carry light, it is installation, easy to disassemble;

 

9, signal is received convenient, offer number and imitate at the same time two kinds of signal;

 

10, do not need to safeguard with spot calibration, true 0——359° works (without blind angle) .

 

The application of sensor of wind direction wind speed

 

 

Although wind direction sensor and wind speed sensor are two kinds of completely independent sensor, but below most circumstance, these two kinds of sensor are conformity is in same in measuring equipment, through handling data information integratedly, produce effect jointly.

 

The application of sensor of wind direction wind speed in atmosphere domain

 

In atmosphere domain, need natural to a lot of planting phenomenon to have observation normally, be like the change of wind speed and atmosphere, still have the change of wind direction of course, work to the measurement of wind direction, basic now it is use anemoscope or facilities of wind direction sensor will solve this problem.

 

 

The measurement that ground wind direction changes: The sand blown by wind that is in desert, downy area administers the job in, the change of the rate that normally people needs to notice air current flows and wind direction, so OK to more weather data control, make more perfect processing plan at the same time, use wind direction sensor in whole process so equipment of this kind of weather.

 

Marine storm early-warning: Can saying marine weather early warning system is wind direction sensor in atmosphere domain one of fundamental application, the data of wind direction change that it provides for marine weather early warning system, it is one of important parameter that forecast a typhoon to enclothe limits and “ to run ” contrail

 

The application of sensor of wind direction wind speed in colliery domain

 

Install the ventilated equipment in mine, often model is differ, and its job power also is having bigger difference, the wind speed value that so sensor equipment adjusts need use wind speed to open air channel individually undertakes monitoring, the phenomenon with occurrence harmful gas the ventilated rate that prevents a certain place is too low and exorbitant chroma appears.

 

 

Work to undertake safely to ensure each big, medium, small-sized colliery is produced actually, according to relevant provision, equipment of wind speed sensor should be installed in the colliery, in each mining division, ala answers wind alley and always answer wind alley to should install equipment of wind speed sensor, and the one part that driving working face attributes mining division, because of this driving working face, need to install wind speed sensor.

 

Need to install wind speed sensor to still have a main reason in driving face actually, it is the harmful gas such as the firedamp with normally medium colliery, carbon monoxide, gas the probability that often appears from driving face is the biggest, the gas in having ” of some of “ air chamber that gas forms in underground even is gas of a few harmful sexes directly, because this colliery is medium,need installs wind speed sensor in every position and join opens wind facility.

 

Sensor of wind direction wind speed generates electricity in wind-force the application of the domain

 

Modern large and wind- driven dynamo for can better use wind- driven resource, normally the control of impeller direction has not had with empennage, finish the control of this angle however through wind direction sensor, normally installation of need of wind direction sensor is in coping of group of wind electric machinery, but need prevents sensor of impeller block up to undertake metrical, if the height of sensor reachs certain level when, people still needs to notice to undertake preventing thunder to generation set and sensor, prevent processing of leakage of electricity.

 

 

The wind direction sensor that installs near wind- driven field normally has the following two main use:

 

1, lamina of safeguard wind-force dynamo can is opposite in real time wind direction horn, it is normal to ensure the fact is in working status.

 

2, the wind direction on the weather station equipment around wind electric field measures an instrument to be able to ensure fresh gale weather won’t be right group of wind electric machinery constitutes menace.

 

The application of sensor of wind direction wind speed in domain of tower type crane

 

 

Normally, build a project to ensure undertake, most tower type crane can install equipment of wind speed sensor normally, when its existence can let crane affect crane to work in fresh gale, give out call the police, but had begun an effect when fresh gale when crane works, often note the change of wind direction with respect to need, just can make in the light of the wind of different wind direction so answer measure, device of wind direction sensor had been used above partial crane so.

 

Sensor of wind direction wind speed reachs the application of ventilated device sphere in air conditioning

 

 

Change device of wind force extreme is to change one of main facility of system of wind force air conditioning. Wind speed sensor is to change the crucial part of device of wind force extreme, accordingly, the type of wind speed sensor detects with what function affects systematic wind force directly and control quality. Current, our country and Euramerican of each manufacturer change device of wind force extreme all uses sensor of wind speed of pitot tube type, and Japanese each manufacturer does not use sensor of wind speed of pitot tube type more.

 

The application of sensor of wind direction wind speed in aviation domain

 

 

The “ pitot ” on the plane is sensor of a kind of typical pitot tube wind speed, it is a plane it is very important to go up measure a tool. Its installation position must be outside the plane the area that air current is affected lesser by the plane, be in commonly nose ahead, hang down end or wingtip ahead. When the airlines flies ahead, air current develops pitot, in pipe endmost inductor meeting feeling is measured by the wallop of air current, namely dynamic pressure. The airlines flies more quickly, dynamic pressure is greater. If the pressure when air is dormant namely static press and the air that dynamic pressure photograph comes in than can knowing to rush has many fast, namely the airlines flies so that have many fast. The tool that compares two kinds of pressure is an appearance that with fluctuation two very thin sheet metal make the hollow circle case that takes ripple, call bellows. This box is sealed, but a pipe and pitot are linked together. If plane rate is rapid, dynamic pressure increases, force of bellows internal pressure adds, bellows can be roused. It is OK to use a device that waits for composition by small lever and gear bellows be out of shape measure come out and show with pressing with a finger, this is the simplest plane airspeed table.

 

 

Pitot is measured those who come out is static pressure still can use the computational parameter that serves as altimeter. If bellows is complete sealed, the pressure inside maintains from beginning to end be equivalent to ground airy pressure. Fly in sky when the plane so, height increases, what pitot measures is static pressure drop, bellows can be roused, measure bellows be out of shape can measure aircraft altitude. This kind of altimeter calls baric type altimeter.

 

 

Pitot measures the speed that come out to be not is a plane truly opposite the speed at the ground, is opposite only at atmospheric speed, call airspeed so. If have wind, the plane is opposite the speed of the ground (weigh the ground fast) still should increase wind speed (downwind flight) or subtractive wind speed (head-wind flight) .

 

As modern science and technology begin, in waiting for a few new-style wind speed sensor to also begin to detect in wind speed, such as laser is applied. Believe before long in the future, sensor of all sorts of new-style wind direction wind speed apply can increasingly in construction machinery, railroad, haven, dock, power plant, atmosphere, cableway, environment, conservatory, breed wait for each domains.