Resurgence is punished incident woke up the public to be opposite ” Chinese core ” attention, the Liang Ning that ever held the post of the assistant austral Niguang of academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering publishs an article ” a paragraph of past about homebred chip and operating system ” , recollected wait for a person one case with Ni Guangna in those days the history of chip of research and development and operating system, in the friend the circle travels extensively. Ni Guangna, this authoritative character of homebred chip of 79 years old and operating system domain, make a central point again. Recently, he accepted those who search China to achieve an objective to interview.

Reporter / Liu Suhong Wu Jiang (photography) edit / Wei Jia

Altogether of Ni Guangna and Chinese core, operating system has two paragraphs of source.

1983, ni Guangna abandons be in Canada national academy (NRC) favourable firewood fulfil chooses to go back to the motherland, front of the China when those faces the dilemma of the support that expands the 4th acting computer to lack VLSI chip. The Ni Guangna that widened horizon in foreign job goes back to the motherland below such setting, he yearns for the chip that makes him China and operating system.

After going back to the motherland, ni Guang Naxian joins company of place of computation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (associate group predecessor) , hold the position of chief engineer of firm the first to be appointed to an office, ark company is joined after. But these two paragraphs of experience with personnel of technology of scientist, core from and ending. Even, after ark plans to fail, him Ni Guangna to ministry of science and technology ” offer a humble apology ” .

Force advocate operating system of government sector desktop is own change

A lot of people think the forestall of Windows and Intel cannot be broken, can accept only already some game are regular. Even personnel of chip research and development feels, the can accuse to come true independently day of chip still cannot anticipate. More somebody wants to contend with global zoology with system of the whole nation south derisive Niguang.

To misunderstanding, ni Guangna is not eager to explaining, face censure, he also still tone is moderate, not urgent not delay.

In fact, the going of Wintel of Ni Guangna deep know well situation, the influence of cloud computation, mobile interconnection and network newsSafedemand develops.

Of the operating system that he pioneers can accuse independently, it is to be inside limits of government, large company above all actually, pass experience to the country especiallySafebranch, what implement desktop operating system in office setting is homebred change replace.

Look in him, of operating system of desktop of government sector implementation be being changed independently is complete likelihood. And, experienced development of ten years, the technology has been main problem no longer, main problem depends on, in use, make zoology rich rise, push a company stage by stage from governmental domain, enter more extensive field finally.

Photograph new capital to sign up for a reporter Wu Jiang

Vigilance also wants when wind He Rili safe risk

However, replacing forestall is by no means easy thing.

Ni Guangna regards first Chinese Academy of Engineering as academician, look in him, those who go pursueing an operating system is own can accuse obligatory, want to had done oneself work like everybody. As the scientist, he should appeal people is vigilant the safe risk that those have not erupt, against a rainy day, even if be when wind He Rili.

China is network big country, have a whole world the most large-scale user andThe market, the apple is close of the income of 1/5 come from China. If do not have pair of chip that ban carry out,such big event happens, bound of may whole IT still OK and proud at making the biggest applicationThe market.

But the Wintel forestall from PC times, carry IOS of occurrence An Zhuo, apple to shift, china missed shift to carry the great opportunity of operating system iteration.

Ni Guangna looks, chip bans carry out incident to just not be inSupply chain, be blocked on core technology neck, potential bigger risk depends on network safety.

Center of network of college of boreal grain industryAssistantResearcher, constant of modest of expert of network news safety elaborated this kind of safe hidden trouble in detail with respect to Ceng Zhuanwen, go up from the technology embeddedHardwareThe trojan is likely, the design that uses chip namely andProductionThe operation that changes chip is logistic, can achieve the goal of attack thereby. If haveHardwareThe existence of the trojan, once spark the condition of trojan become effective, its are ruinous will be tremendous, can bring about data invalidation of missing, function even the system breaks down.

Hardware trojan is not exaggerate sth just to scare people.

Be in early 2018 the beginning of the year, network safety researcher discovered Intel, AMD and ARMFrameworkexist among chip ” fusing “(Meltdown) ” and ” ghostliness (Spectre) ” two safe flaw. These flaw are right Wu of kimono of computer of notebook computer, table machine, smartphone, flat implement inside hardwareEquipmentAll have the effect of different level, can let hacker purloin embezzle information of among them sensitive data.

With the commonnest saying for, even if chip has been gone to by installation the computer of whole world each district, but the terminal that still can pass long-range pilot method to be in to chip undertakes controlling.

Such view also got Cao Dong of secretary-general of alliance of industry of operating system of Chinese intelligence terminal approbate.

“Be like your home to be there, I have your home key, just be I want not to want to go, going is my thing. Can control remotely ” , cao Dong says, the mobile phone lost you anxious, information lost you not to know. Through chip back door can get user information, design a few mechanisms very easily to play tricks on chip actually.

Dialog Ni Guangna

“The education that chip bans carry out incident to give a person is quite big, tell 100 times than us useful ” , ni Guangna moves back and forth on the road of 5 road junction, this is the god-given carefree days in he is one day.

Nowadays, he already 79 years old, experience associates, after the twists and turns of ark, he also did not join an any companies actually again. 2013, ni Guangna is initiated establish alliance of industry of operating system of Chinese intelligence terminal, devote oneself to to extend homebred operating system.

Talk ” chip from grind “

CapitalInsufficient, use others lab

Search China to achieve an objective: Your assistant bridge writes rather ” a paragraph of past about homebred chip and operating system ” one article travels extensively on the net, memory rises now, that paragraph of experience that associate, is chip research and development specific what circumstance be?

Ni Guangna: We feel the importance of chip continuously.

Acting 1980, china is backward on the 4th acting VLSI, inchoate canProductionOf large computer include the United States, before Russia, England, France, china is the 5th.

The integrated circuit of the 3rd acting computer basically is odd piece, in miniature, homebred still, but arrived when the 4th generation exceeds large-scale computer, our discovery does not have VLSI, the computer does no less than going to.

Go up century 80 time, our some achievement, for instance fellow laser takes a platoon, include to associate type Chinese character card, it is a of the computer patulous function, not be computer main body. Await me to feel China wants to make the computer in those days, must make chip.

How is integrated circuit done? The company is very small, without so much investment. There are a 909 projects at that time (complier notes: In December 1995, throughout history of Chinese electron industryInvestmentThe national project with the biggest dimensions — ” 909 ” the project is affirmatory, its content is to build 8 inches, 0.5 micron technology starts, the month machines 20 thousand VLSI product line. “909 ” the abbreviation that the project is major project of industry of national development microelectronics, its main body is group of Shanghai China rainbow. Investment10 billion) , but actually the investment compared with international developed country still very small, have what one part invests or the enterprise casts.

Search China to achieve an objective: CapitalInvestment is inadequate, how to make chip research and development?

Ni Guangna: Feel when associate at that time, the design of integrated circuit can be done, design investment is not large, this is in one’s power. The design of chip needs EDASoftwareWith a fewTestEquipment, very costly also, because we follow be on speaking terms of a few clients, with respect to the design that reachs others home the lab does a design, use the tool of others.

At that time for cost saving, large half an year is controlled, the design laboratory that computational place Sun Zuxi’s researcher is heading a youth to go to Singapore CHARTER company is done cast piece, make the chip of Chinese character card with very few money so. Design firm starts more easily. China also has thousands of design companies later, devoted and lesser. At present our country is inChip designGo up and do not lag behind than abroad a lot of.

Leave in me before associating, we later altogether research and development 5 ASIC (special integrated circuit) , use on printer of Chinese character card, Chinese character, micro computer, scored a success. The train of thought that tries to design an elementary course from integrated circuit goes connected. A lot of industries rose on the design, the design is given priority to with the person’s intelligence, plus a few tools, start low. China designs job at present progress is good, go up with international cardinal principle is similar.

Talk ” by the person use “

Resemble blowing rain, you are come up against, do not hide

Search China to achieve an objective: Liang Ning is mentioned, you are risking the risk that is used, still should carry out can accuse independently.

Ni Guangna: You come up against these, you want or you are not willing, resemble blowing rain, you are come up against, do not hide. Li Delei (patriarch of ark science and technology) do not do high-tech, fry house property, this cannot expect at first. Rule by law to be not perfected in those days, Intellectual propertyWithout equity, also counterpoise without speech. Of present company brainpowerIntellectual propertyHave equity, be in ceaseless progress.

Search China to achieve an objective: The can replace need iteration window of homebred operating system period, missed mobile Duan Die’s acting opportunity?

Ni Guangna: Wintel already forestall desktop operating system, general domain is done homebred replacing is more difficult, but the desk of national government level that involves information security of the face homebred it is some easier to replace. And mobile end still does not have very good homebred operating system at present.

People often can notice terminal hardware in the past, do not have serious research to the operating system, SoftwareBe not taken seriously. The country is devoted now 140 billion do integrated circuit fund, but light is to have chip insufficient, have software even. Hardware is propped up without software is no good.

The apple rolls out IOS smartphone at that time was 2007, the mobile phone that install eminent just was pushed 2009 about, when if China is in,malic mobile phone comes out, organize a person to make mobile operating system immediately, may not is done do not come out, unapt be installed now the forestall of operating system place of eminent, apple.

Search China to achieve an objective: What experience lesson is there in this process?

Ni Guangna: The country is right now the project of the operating system, support ten million yuan even if big, and often ” drop peppery cover ” , do not accord with an operating system to develop the rule. On the world so a few main operating systems, a few can China have? Forestall of operating system height, or does not support, or supports 9 only, scatter peppery face to support means not to accord with the development rule of the operating system.

Search China to achieve an objective: Your premise arrives, the operating system is homebred change replace there can be a more remarkable positive result 2020, look now can you come true?

Ni Guangna: Governmental domain achieves this goal also is not impossible. General domain should have very old organisms’ habits to support ability travel. At present a lot of provinces, place is in make chip dispersedly. Chip needs very large investment, the respective possibility that it is battle arises dispersive, repeat investment.

Hope state fund takes the lead, civilian capital is participated in, include a company, will do jointly, but should consider industrial position to be able to accuse independently. Integrated circuitMakeWant to do good state level to carry a design on the head, cannot blossom everywhere, can disperse otherwise, repeat construction.

Talk ” body of the whole nation make “

Only the government is done not have the enterprise also has a problem

Search China to achieve an objective: Operating system besides national power, may be the enterprise done?

Ni Guangna: Chinese enterprise whole is hopeful still. China to have personnel of 80 thousand research and development, still BAT waits also strengthening intellectual property reserve, increase investment of research and development. But individual in light of, industrial group is done not have enough the company that compares a shoulder with photograph of Microsoft, Intel, Oracle, apple, the government when the company is relatively young needs to act well, system of Chinese the whole nation is better also do, the resource that uses China and capacity will do a business. The government is not to guide, however help, joint venture, likelihood get twice the result with half the effort.

Search China to achieve an objective: Somebody feels, below the old law of globalization market, system of the whole nation is already unwell used.

Ni Guangna: Not be to say system of the whole nation does not press market rule to handle affairs namely, can again system of the whole nation has the profit that the market competes again, introduce benign competition. Do not have system of the whole nation to be started very hard. For instance north is fought, integrated spaceflight and net believe a domain, the government is done have profit. But only the government also has a problem without the enterprise.

Search China to achieve an objective: Is what you think BAT realizes chip likely own can you accuse?

Ni Guangna: The enterprise is innovation main body, specific chip, CPU still relies on an enterprise. Believe a lot of able industries of Chinese, there is enough money now, can contribute somewhat in fundamental technology domain. Artificial intelligence chip, what perhaps BAT can do is very good.

Search China to achieve an objective: Somebody evaluates you to insist to have mind of some of Tang Ji scold to what can accuse independently, how do you look?

Ni Guangna: Before doing accomplish sth, the likelihood can be regarded as heart of Tang Ji scold. Need very long process successfully, eager for quick success and instant benefit does not have good result certainly. Additional, differ want oneself to succeed surely, I do a paragraph, the family is done then, do not care about oneself to have what positive result certainly, want to have this breadth of mind, a few more stand aloof, do not haggle over every ounce oneself gain and loss. Look from overall situation, an enterprise is no good still more enterprise comes out, relying on industrial group to develop is certain possible.