[introduction]From apparently look, carry out compulsivelyAEBSystematic plan is a good idea. But ifNHTSAdraft resolution should produce consequence, it must precede at it place hopes fictile industry. Want to understand this standard to whether can produce the effect of pair of automobile industries in time, andNHTSAthe plan is thorough, need to understand itself of this draft resolution not only, understand in the round evenAEBTechnology. Through exploring rock-bottom technology, and the progress speed of car manufacturer and tendency of the market, we ability is possible accurate judgementNHTSAThe potential value of the plan.

  

In May 2023, american country Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) announced a plan, the requirement is all and new-style by with the car will automatic urgent apply the brake (AEB) the system is configured as the standard. Simple for, AEB is the process that car starts stop a car automatically to prevent potential accident. This is a kind of puissant measure, the speed when can reducing collision or avoid completely to collide, prevent car attaint and personal casualty thereby.

From apparently look, the plan that implements AEB system compulsively is a good idea. But if the draft resolution of NHTSA wants to produce consequence, it must precede at it place hopes fictile industry. Want to understand this standard to whether can produce the effect of pair of automobile industries in time, and the plan of NHTSA is thorough, need to understand itself of this draft resolution not only, understand AEB technology in the round even. Through exploring rock-bottom technology, and the progress speed of car manufacturer and tendency of the market, we the potential value that NHTSA of possible accurate judgement plans ability.

Graph 1: The car feels technical sketch map

The program of NHTSA

2016, NHTSA asks to take American car total sales volume the 20 cars manufacturer of 99% is freewill before 2022 the standard configuration that takes AEB the series that use a car as its. After 4 years 2020, another report of NHTSA shows, this industry may fail to achieve a goal, only 10 manufacturer configure AEB as the standard. This report is theoretic to make mandatory the regulation opened an entrance door, but till this year May, NHTSA just offerred relevant proposal. Arrive from initial requirement between new proposal, society of assurance of American highway safety (IIHS) issued follow-up report, if pursue,2 are shown.

Graph 2: Came 2020 during 2022, the equipment of car manufacturer measures great majority to have remarkable growth

The report that issued the data of IIHI and NHTSA 2020 at first undertakes contrast, protruding showed a few interesting trends. Above all, there are 14 to be its at least in 20 cars manufacturer 2022 the car of 95% deployed AEB, and this one word two years ago is 10 only. If our observation is undermentioned 6 special case, highlighted the process that this one high speed develops further. 2022, case inferior the AEB equipment rate of the car is 94% , eulogize (this cropland) the AEB equipment rate of the car is 93% , but before component was in short supply 2021, the AEB equipment of eulogize is led all the time prep above this is numeric; The equipment of additionally 4 manufacturer is led criterion from 2020 38% rise average 72% . 2023, all manufacturer state the deploy of AEB will increase again, general motors (GM) express its paragraph model is medium 2023 98% will provide this technology. The opportunity of the situation that this kind of year after year rises quickly and NHTSA draft resolution, caused a few interesting problems. A lot of people’s main concern is, if system of ownership builds business to had been in before the standard is carried out,its are completely AEB was deployed in the model, so whether can this one draft resolution produce real effect? But understand this one proposal publish an account, can add a few weight for its value.

Above all, important is the specific content that should study proposal carefully. To the collision accident between car, if the driver fails to react in time, AEB system need is achieved in speed horary 50 miles when take active stop a machine by cutting off the power. If driver brake, but the power of the biggest apply the brake that did not achieve place to need, so AEB system need is achieved in speed horary 62 miles when avoid completely to produce collision with another car. Setting of the AEB between the car of draw up includes a car to be close to dormant before a car, travel is slow before car and one is in of decelerate before car.

To the accident between car and pedestrian, all car must be achieved in speed horary 40 miles when take action. The car of draw up includes car to be close to to pedestrian AEB setting (from left or on the right side of) pass through viatic pedestrian, pedestrian still goes up in car travel method and method of travel of pedestrian edge car walks. This technology still needs to be in nightwork, NHTSA expresses, the pedestrian fatal accident that the United States exceeds 70% happens in nightly.

If this draft resolution can be in,approval was won before the bottom in August 2023, so begin from September 2026 (namely 2027 paragraph model) will become mandatory regulation. The time that if obtain,approves is later, compulsive deploy will defer a year (namely 2028 paragraph model) .

Wait for statistical data in view of nightly death number, and the situation that AEB can remedy the life of 360 people every year to reduce 24000 people to get hurt at least in the United States, these dash forward the value that showed AEB, because this is apparent why NHTSA pointed to the target this technology. But, consider the sensor level that most car has provided, is coercive action necessary? The enough and contented demand with the whether true regulation of draw up?

AEB standard: The comparison of the United States and Europe

In view of this technology gain ground quickly, it is especially in 3 years of in the past, not fathomless it is the target date that carries out compulsively surely September 2026 (2027 paragraph model) when the likelihood is late already, cannot produce any effects. But, if we undertake American circumstance and Europe comparative, feel NHTSA is lagging behind at the times strongly only.

Since 2019, regard Europe’s accepted car safety as grade method, should obtain collision of European new car to check (Euro NCAP) 5 stars grade, must carry out AEB. Although this can be regarded as a kind of progress, but European Union committee further, all new cars that the regulation sells since 2022 must install system of the AEB between car (Vehicle-to-vehicle AEB) , ask compulsively to install car to be opposite since 2024 pedestrian system (Vehicle-to-pedestrian) .

In addition, the regulation of the draft resolution of NHTSA and Euro NCAP exists on limits notable difference. Although two kinds of standards were covered,be opposite with car between similar car pedestrian AEB setting (include to grow up / children pedestrian and nightly condition) , but Euro NCAP still covered a few kinds of car to be opposite to bicycle and car the AEB setting of autocycle, the person that considered wider weak force path is used (VRU) .

In addition, differ with the draft resolution of NHTSA, euro NCAP still was covered include (left or right) turn car and back a car backward the AEB setting to the pedestrian.

Understand AEB

If we understand the working principle of AEB system, will conduce to us evaluating potential code correctly. As advanced drive support system (ADAS) one of main techniques, AEB is a kind of powerful car safety precaution, can reduce safe accident significantly, it is especially below car around collision and car and the circumstance that the pedestrian collides. Sensor of typical image of AEB system union, lidar (LiDAR) with millimeter wave radar (RADAR) the object that will feel a likelihood to cause potential collision. Car can undertake modal analysis to image, if be about to produce collision, can remind a driver to step on next brake. If the driver fails to step on next brake inside enough time, car can take step of apply the brake actively.

To image sensor, AEB system needs translate into angle of visual field (FOV) , the parameter requirement such as rate of resolution, frame and crepuscular function, these image sensor character can explore immediate impact of the object the defer that gender and object explore.

If the graph is shown 2 times, the car sale that provides AEB function is occupied than increasing considerably, but this is not only major change. In recent years, the rock-bottom technology of car had great progress. Processing system is more powerful, faster, data transmits communication system speed rate is higher, sensor also becomes more accurate, fall in crepuscular condition especially. These elements make AEB system become jointly more intelligence, reliable, make its can be planted in more the action that can save life is taken below the circumstance.

Become by right of ADAS of more than 15 years like experience, the nuclear mental efforts that Ansenmei is innovation of this one technology all the time is measured. Use at ADAS system as what the whole world precedes (include AEB) image sensor produces business, ansenmei (Onsemi) consign all car on road are at present medium the image sensor of 70% .

Of An Sen beautiful Hyperlux and NHTSA draft resolution quite

Brand-new series of Hyperlux image sensor is built be based on Ansenmei’s deep car major knowledge, aim to help a car truckload manufacturer (OEM) the security that promotes car further below all sorts of conditions, reduce an accident thereby, save life. If we have newest Hyperlux range of products and NHTSA proposal comparative, can discover this code should be more thorough, perhaps can carry out as early as possible at least.

Let us consider car highest to the speed in pedestrian setting (space of apply the brake is the accordingly largest) circumstance: A car is close to the pedestrian that method of travel of an edge car walks. Speed can be achieved horary 40 miles, and of the pedestrian on foot speed is horary 3.1 miles.

Right to this one car the pedestrian’s setting, if consider typical urban district besides, ahead ADAS angle of visual field stops for what 120 ° , speed per hour amounts to 40 miles car (apply the brake) the response of distance, 0.5 seconds to 1 second (reaction) time, and at least 8 ability resembling element identify every pedestrian correctly, can derivation goes out to need about 2480 those who resemble element is the smallest (level) resolution (knowledge of geometry of maths of use high school) .

Hyperlux AR0823AT sensor (3840 X 2160 resembles element) the horizontal resolution that satisfied the car with the strictest NHTSA in order to exceed the abundant amount of 50% to set to pedestrian setting place, can offer effectively for every pedestrian amount to 12 to resemble element, realize powerful AEB to identify algorithmic operation thereby.

Graph 3.  Give typical examples of setting of system testing of pedestrian car apply the brake — the main setting with mobile diameter of pedestrian along the road

New NHTSA suggested to contain a content that in suggesting 2016, lacks, ask to be mixed below crepuscular condition namely nightly and accurate exploration pedestrian. To Ansenmei character, this has been its the key of first consideration, also can say the mark sex feature that is Hyperlux sensor series, tall dynamic limits becomes the 150 DB that it has M of 2.1 μ to precede like element dimension and industry picture (HDR) , can come in 0.05 Lux in setting of brightness of 2 million Lux accurate into picture.

The function that lets us issue Hyperlux sensor set in crepuscular condition and NHTSA draft resolution undertake contrast, consider the strictest car to be opposite again pedestrian setting (for example: Pedestrian along sail come the travel course of car walks) , but it is this to be in nightly. The ambient light level that 0.2 Lux mentioned in draft resolution (moon condition) and car dipped headlight / illume of headlights on full beam, but did not set standard of car illuminative intensity of illumination (differ with Euro NCAP) .

American car association (AAA) 2019 a research to function of the headlight before the United States and European car makes clear, the level of illume of average dipped headlight of buy of pedestrian place v/arc be on the throne is 9 Lux about. The reflectivity that assumes worst circumstance issues a pedestrian is 10% (wearing brunet clothings) , the car that uses a model uses camera lens (F is worth 1.4) , the level of intensity of illumination that handles in sensor is 0.11 Lux.

Time is divided in typical 33ms accumulating (nightly condition) below, hyperlux sensor series can achieve the letter a confusion of voices of 5 to compare below the level of intensity of illumination of 0.03 Lux (SNR) (the intensity of illumination that sets than NHTSA wants low fourfold) , and the letter a confusion of voices of 10 can be achieved to compare below the level of intensity of illumination of 0.10 Lux!

In sunshine beautiful day sails when giving channel, the HDR function of Hyperlux makes car can see any potential risk beyond the car around and channel end instantly. In the past, the dynamic limits of a lot of solutions is insufficient, cannot capture successfully the far and near of image two area, cause potential risk sightless in car processor. If pursue,be in in 3 shown setting, the HDR function of Hyperlux sensor series can dog accurately the object of picture center, brim and far, be like signal lamp of car, traffic and pedestrian, although when radial level falls, also be such.

Graph 4: Below the visual condition that Hyperlux sensor can be in all sorts of having to challenge a gender accurate track a variety of danger

The accuracy that Hyperlux sensor offers, compositive security accords with integrality of safety of B class car (ASIL) safe level, was head and shoulders above the requirement that basic AEB uses. Its high accuracy, high speed and advanced function already can be used at system of ADAS L2 class and more advanced and other system, help manufacturer to drive automatically transfer.

NHTSA and the future with safe car

To the draft resolution of NHTSA, we can’t help wanting to ask, it is thorough, and whether does the time line in the program grow too. Although any levels that aim to promote car security are right,talk go up to should be welcomed, but if want to produce consequence, it must precede at the industry. In light of the headway that gains from Europe, the plan of NHTSA lags behind two years at least (in the light of the measure between car and pedestrian) , and some respects lag behind 4 years even (between car) . Have this one standard and newest perceptive product comparative, highlight again piece both the difference between. Like Hyperlux such sensor can have satisfied the AEB requirement of draw up, include the property below crepuscular environment, still can support other technology at the same time, mix like driveway deviate system full automatic drive. To 2026, the vehicle that provides ADAS system may ask the draft resolution of Yuan Chao NHTSA.

If we watch tendency of the market, the case is similar also. Car manufacturer increases a function for new model hard ceaselessly, in order to create more high end and safe car are used for consumer, because this AEB is,anticipate a medium function. This one element continues to drive provide ADAS technology (like AEB) car sale. Accelerate as most manufacturer fasten AEB of the 100% deploy in the model completely in its, a lot of design personnel are considering to provide the revolutionary means that promotes car security more. Although the certain element in NHTSA draft resolution is active, the test that for instance crepuscular environment lays, but apparently, considering time span, this draft resolution still can be returned probably should further. Car manufacturer and its supplier are using innovation technology to enhance car security hard, reduce car accident, save life. Be this kind reachs supplier of its industry catenary by banner car manufacturer (be like Ansenmei) compositive join forces, mean a lot of cars probably to will provide more advanced safe function before 2026.

Mean a lot of cars probably to will provide more advanced safe function before 2026.. Author: An Sen beautiful car feels a ministry Product manager Narayan PurohitNarayan Purohit

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